-
1 set up a principle
1) Общая лексика: выдвигать принцип2) Дипломатический термин: выдвинуть принцип, сформулировать принцип -
2 set up a principle
-
3 to set up a principle
выдвинуть / сформулировать принципEnglish-russian dctionary of diplomacy > to set up a principle
-
4 set up
[ʹsetʹʌp] phr v1. помещать, ставить, кластьspecial seats had to be set up around the sides of the hall - по бокам зала пришлось поставить дополнительные ряды стульев
a Latin inscription was set up on the tablet - на мемориальной доске была сделана латинская надпись
2. поднимать, ставить3. вывешивать ( для обозрения)4. воздвигать, устанавливать, ставитьto set up a post [a fence] - ставить столб [забор]
5. возводить (на престол и т. п.)6. основывать, учреждатьto set up a company [a business] - основать компанию [дело]
to set up a committee - организовать /учредить/ комитет
the journal was set up in 1942 - этот журнал начал выходить /был основан/ в 1942 г.
it wasn't till later that the camp and the aerodrome were set up - лишь позже были построены посёлок и аэродром
7. вводить, устанавливатьto set up new arrangements - устанавливать /вводить/ новые порядки
to set up a record - спорт. установить рекорд
8. открывать (какое-л. дело)to set up as a grocer [as a chemist, as a lawyer] - открыть бакалейную торговлю /лавку/ [(свою) аптеку, юридическую контору]
to set up oneself in business, to set up for oneself - открыть собственное дело (свою лавку, контору и т. п.)
9. помочь (кому-л.) устроитьсяto set smb. up in business - помочь кому-л. открыть торговое дело /магазин/
the legacy set him up in his profession - благодаря доставшемуся наследству он смог работать по специальности
to set smb. up in life - ≅ давать кому-л. путёвку в жизнь
10. выдвигать, предлагатьto set up a counter claim - предъявлять /выдвигать/ встречный иск
to set up a candidate [a claimant] - выдвигать кандидата [претендента]
11. излагать, формулироватьto set up a principle [a fundamental difference] - сформулировать принцип [основное различие]
12. подготавливать; планировать13. поднимать (крик, шум и т. п.)to set up a hullabaloo [a howl, a loud cry] - поднимать шум [вой, громкий крик]
to set up a row [a scuffling] - поднимать скандал [возню]
14. снабжать, обеспечиватьto set smb. up with /in/ books [clothing] - снабжать кого-л. книгами [одеждой]
to set smb. up in funds - обеспечивать кого-л. деньгами
15. восстанавливать (силы, здоровье)the country air set him up again - деревенский воздух восстановил его здоровье
a fortnight in the country [a holiday] will set you up again - двухнедельное пребывание в деревне [отдых] вернёт вам силы
16. тренировать, физически развивать; закалятьyou want some good walks to set you up - для тренировки вам необходимы длительные прогулки
a month in the ranks sets up a recruit wonderfully - месяц пребывания в армии является прекрасной закалкой для новобранца
17. вызывать, причинятьthe cold air set up an irritation in his throat - от холодного воздуха у него началось раздражение в горле
18. полигр. набиратьto set up a book [a page] - набирать книгу [полосу]
19. выдавать себя за кого-л.; безосновательно считать себя (кем-л.)he set himself up as an authority [for a wit] - он претендовал на авторитет [на остроумие]
I am quite set up with my new job - я вполне удовлетворён своей новой работой
21. набивать, делать ( чучело)22. редк. восстанавливать, подстрекать23. тех. собирать, монтировать; налаживать ( станок)24. 1) платить за выпивку ( в баре)2) угощать (чем-л.)25. карт. объявлять ( масть) -
5 principle
1. n принцип, основа, закон2. n норма, основное правило; принципunanimity principle, principle of unanimity — принцип единогласия
3. n принцип; основа4. n специфика действия, действующее начало лекарственного вещества5. n источник, первопричина, первооснова6. n хим. составная часть, элементprinciple and interest — капитальная часть долга и процент; основная часть долга и процент
Синонимический ряд:1. belief (noun) belief; creed; doctrine; faith; opinion; system; tenet2. ethics (noun) ethics; integrity; morality; standards3. grounds (noun) grounds; motive; rationale; reason4. ideal (noun) goodness; honesty; honor; honour; ideal; incorruptibility; probity; rectitude; righteousness; trustworthiness5. postulate (noun) axiom; fundamental; maxim; postulate; precept; principium; proposition; source; theorem; universal6. regulation (noun) canon; law; parameter; prescript; regulation; rule; standard; testАнтонимический ряд:development; exercise; exhibition; formation; immorality; issue; manifestation; operation -
6 set
1. n1) комплект, набор; ряд, серия2) круги, группа лиц3) тенденция, направленность•2. a1) установленный (законом, традицией)2) официальный3) заранее оговорённый, установленный4) твёрдый, постоянный (о ценах)•- set task1) устанавливать, определять, создавать; назначать2) ставить, прикладывать (печать и т.п.)3) накладывать (запрет и т.п.)- set a veto on smth.•- set out- set up- set off -
7 set up
1. phr v помещать, ставить, класть2. phr v поднимать, ставитьset out — помещать, ставить, выставлять
3. phr v вывешивать4. phr v воздвигать, устанавливать, ставитьset on edge — устанавливать на ребро; установленный на ребро
set the limit — устанавливать предел; положить конец
set in — наступать, устанавливаться, начинаться
5. phr v возводить6. phr v основывать, учреждать7. phr v вводить, устанавливать8. phr v открывать9. phr v помочь устроитьсяthe legacy set him up in his profession — благодаря доставшемуся наследству он смог работать по выдвигать, предлагать
10. phr v излагать, формулировать11. phr v подготавливать; планировать12. phr v снабжать, обеспечивать13. phr v тренировать, физически развивать; закалять14. phr v вызывать, причинятьthe cold air set up an irritation in his throat — от холодного воздуха у него началось раздражение в горле
to set at a gaze — удивлять, вызывать удивление
set in vibration — вызывать колебания; вызванный колебания
15. phr v полигр. набирать16. phr v набивать, делать17. phr v редк. восстанавливать, подстрекать18. phr v тех. собирать, монтировать; налаживатьto set aright — исправлять; налаживать
19. phr v платить за выпивкуset idle power — выводить на режим малого газа; выведенный на режим малого газа
20. phr v угощать21. phr v карт. объявлятьСинонимический ряд:1. devise (verb) arrange; concoct; contrive; devise; digest; order; plan; prepare; ready2. elate (verb) commove; elate; excite; exhilarate; inspire; spirit up; stimulate3. elated (verb) commoved; elated; excited; exhilarated; inspired; spirited up; stimulated4. erect (verb) build up; construct; erect; hammer out; raise; rear5. erected (verb) built up; constructed; erected; hammered out; pitched; put up; raised; reared6. found (verb) constitute; create; establish; found; organize; start7. founded (verb) constituted; created; established; founded; organised; organized; started8. introduce (verb) inaugurate; initiate; institute; introduce; launch; originate; usher in9. introduced (verb) inaugurated; initiated; instituted; introduced; launched; originated; ushered in10. treat (verb) blow; stand; treat11. treated (verb) blew/blown; stood; treated -
8 principle
n1) принцип2) основа3) закон•to adhere to a principle — быть верным принципу, придерживаться принципа
to be based on respect for the principle of sovereign equality — основываться на уважении принципа суверенного равенства
to compromise one's principles — поступаться своими принципами
to defend one's principles against smb — защищать свои принципы от кого-л.
to forsake one's principles — поступаться своими принципами
to give up one's principles — отказываться от своих принципов
to restore UN's principles — восстанавливать / возрождать принципы ООН
to set forth / out principles — излагать принципы
- adherence to one's principlesto swallow one's principles — поступаться своими принципами
- adoption of a precautionary principle
- application of principles
- basic principle
- ceiling principle
- consensus principle
- contravention of the principles of the UN
- democratic principles
- ethical principle
- floor principle
- foreign-policy principles
- fundamental principle
- funding principle
- GAAP
- general principles
- generally accepted accounting principles
- guiding principle
- Haldane principle
- human principles
- humanistic principles
- ideological principle
- immutable principle
- in accordance with the principles
- in conformity with the principles
- just principles
- key principle
- liberal-democratic principles
- matching principle
- methodological principle
- military-political principle
- moral principles
- most-favored-nation principle
- national principle
- noble principles
- observance of principles
- organizational principle
- overriding principle
- per capita ceiling principle
- policy-making principles
- practical principles
- principle of one man one vote
- principle of action
- principle of collective leadership
- principle of collective security
- principle of equal advantage
- principle of equal rights among peoples
- principle of equal security
- principle of equity
- principle of freedom of information
- principle of good neighborliness
- principle of independence
- principle of material incentive
- principle of nonalignment
- principle of nondiscrimination - principle of non-use of force in international relations
- principle of one-man management
- principle of optimality
- principle of peaceful co-existence
- principle of preferential treatment
- principle of price parity
- principle of relief for low per capita income countries
- principle of safeguarding
- principle of self-determination of peoples
- principle of self-reliant development
- principle of social justice
- principle of sovereignty
- principle of unanimity of the permanent members of the Council
- principles of cooperation
- principles of economic assistance
- principles of equality of all people
- principles of justice and international law
- principles of labor legislation
- principles of management
- principles of mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty
- production of guiding principles
- profit-making principles
- progressive principles
- radical principle
- recommitment to the principles
- rightful principles
- scientific and technological principles
- self-help principle
- sound principles
- strategic principles
- tactical principles
- the principles laid down by the Constitution
- the principles laid down in the UN Charter
- the principles of the Charter
- the principles of the United Nations
- unanimity principle
- underlying principle
- unshakable principles -
9 set up
1) настраивать, производить настройку, регулировку
2) воздвигать, устанавливать, ставить Do you know how to set up a tent? ≈ Ты умеешь ставить палатку? Syn: found, constitute
3) учреждать The journal was set up in
1924. ≈ Этот журнал основали в 1924 году.
4) основывать, открывать (дело, предприятие и т. п.) They needed the money to set up a special school for gifted children. ≈ Им были нужны деньги, чтобы открыть специальную школу для одаренных детей. Syn: found, originate, create, establish, produce, build up
5) помочь( кому-л.) устроиться He gave his son some capital to set him up. ≈ Он выделил сыну часть своего капитала, чтобы тот мог стать на ноги.
6) подготавливать, планировать
7) вызывать( что-л.) ;
причинять (боль и т. п.) This wet weather sets up the ache in my old wound. ≈ От этой мокрой погоды у меня болят старые раны.
8) восстанавливать( силы, здоровье) You need a holiday to set you up again after all that hard work. ≈ После всей этой работы тебе нужно отдохнуть, чтобы восстановить силы.
9) (in, with) снабжать, обеспечивать( чем-л.) We had to set him up with a large sum of money. ≈ Ему пришлось дать большую сумму денег.
10) поднимать (крик, шум и т. п.) The crowd set up a shout as the winner neared the post. ≈ Когда победитель вышел на финишную прямую, толпа завопила.
11) выдавать себя за кого-л. He doesn't set himself up to be an experienced pointer. ≈ Он не выдает себя за опытного наводчика.
12) спорт достичь( высоких результатов), установить (новый рекорд) The young swimmer has set up a new fast time for the backstroke. ≈ Этот юный пловец поставил новый мировой рекорд по плаванию на спине.
13) полигр. набирать We can't change any wording once the article is set up. ≈ После того, как статья набрана, мы не можем изменить в ней ни слова.
14) тренировать;
физически развивать
15) разг. 'подставить' (кого-л.) I'm not to blame;
I've been set up. ≈ Я невиновен, меня подставили. помещать, ставить, класть - to * a picture on the floor поставить картину на пол - the portrait was * on the stage портрет был установлен на сцене - special seats had to be * around the sides of the hall по бокам зала пришлось поставить дополнительные ряды стульев - a Latin inscription was * on the tablet на мемориальной доске была сделана латинская надпись поднимать, ставить - to * ninepins again поднимать упавшие кегли вывешивать( для обозрения) - to * a notice вывесить объявление воздвигать, устанавливать, ставить - to * a monument воздвигнуть памятник - to * a post ставить столб возводить( на престол и т. п.) основывать, учреждать - to * a company основать компанию - to * a government сформировать правительство - to * a committee организовать /учредить/ комитет - to * a laboratory создать лабораторию - to * house начать (вести) семейную жизнь - to * an account открыть счет( в банке) - the journal was * in 1942 этот журнал начал выходить /был основан/ в 1942 г. - it wasn't till later that the camp and the aerodrome were * лишь позже были построены поселок и аэродроме вводить, устанавливать - to * new arrangements устанавливать /вводить/ новые порядки - to * a custom вводить обычай - to * a record( спортивное) установить рекорд открывать (какое-л. дело) - to * as a grocer открыть бакалейную торговлю /лавку/ - to * in trade открывать торговое предприятие - to * oneself in business, to * for oneself открыть собственное дело (свою лавку, контору и т. п.) помочь (кому-л.) устроиться - to set smb. up in the business помочь кому-л. открыть торговое дело /магазин/ - the legacy set him up in his profession благодаря доставшемуся наследству он смог работать по специальности - to set smb. up in life давать кому-л. путевку в жизнь выдвигать, предлагать - to * a counter claim предъявлять /выдвигать/ встречный иск - to * a candidate выдвигать кандидата - to * a principle выдвигать принцип - the latest theory to be * последняя из выдвигаемых теорий излагать, формулировать - to * a principle сформулировать принцип подготавливать;
планировать - to * a bank robbery подготовить ограбление банка поднимать (крик, шум и т. п.) - to * a hullabaloo поднимать шум - to * a row поднимать скандал - to * a cry for home rule провозгласить лозунг самоуправления - the boy * an alarm мальчик поднял тревогу снабжать, обеспечивать - to set smb. up with /in/ books снабжать кого-л. книгами - to set smb. up in funds обеспечивать кого-л. деньгами восстанавливать (силы, здоровье) - the country air set him up again деревенский воздух восстановил его здоровье - the medicine set him up это лекарство поставило его на ноги - a fortnight in the country will set you up again двухнедельное пребывание в деревне вернет вам силы тренировать, физически развивать;
закалять - physically she was not well * физически она была слабо развита - you want some good walks to aet you up для тренировки вам необходимы длительные прогулки - a month in the ranks sets up a recruit wonderfully месяц пребывания в армии является прекрасной закалкой для новобранца вызывать, причинять - the cold air * an irritation in his throat от холодного воздуха у него началось раздражение в горле (полиграфия) набирать - to * type набирать шрифт - to * a book набирать книгу - to * a word in capitals набрать слово заглавными буквами выдавать себя за кого-л.;
безосновательно считать себя (кем-л.) - to * as an expert считать себя знатоком - he set himself up as an authority он претендовал на авторитет гордиться( чем-л.), проявлять удовлетворение - I am quite * with my new job я вполне удовлетворен своей новой работой набивать, делать (чучело) (редкое) восстанавливать, подстрекать( техническое) собирать, монтировать;
налаживать (станок) платить за выпивку (в баре) угощать( чем-л.) (карточное) объявлять (масть) - to * spades объявить пики -
10 set\ up
1. III1) set up smth. /smth. up/ set up a tent (a scarecrow, a fence, posts, a statue, etc.) (по)ставить палатку и т.д.; set up a house (a building, a school, a factory, etc.) построить /возвести/ дом и т.д.; set up one's easel (a printing-press, etc.) установить мольберт и т.д.; set up a monument воздвигнуть монумент; set up a camp разбить лагерь; I set up a camera in the shade я установил фотоаппарат в тени2) set up smth. /smth. up/ set up a notice (a flag, a slogan, streamers, etc.) вывешивать объявление и т.д.3) set up smth. /smth. up/ set up a government (a state, a commission, etc.) создать /сформировать/правительство и т.д., set up a republic установить республику; set up a Cabinet (opposition, a board of directors, a tribunal, etc.) создать /сформировать/ кабинет и т.д.; set up a special committee учредить специальную комиссию; set up a company (a business, a newspaper, a fund, etc.) основать компанию и т.д.; we shall have to set up a new laboratory нам придется организовать /создать/ новую лабораторию; he set up a small bookshop он открыл небольшой книжный магазин и т.д.; they set up a bank robbery они организовали /устроили/ ограбление банка; set up friendly relations установить /наладить/ дружеские отношения4) set up smth. / smth. up/ set up new laws (new rules, a new economic order, an international control system, a quota, a custom, etc.) устанавливать /вводить/ новые законы и т.д.; set up a national control of electric power ввести государственный контроль над расходованием электроэнергии; set up a new principle (a theory, etc.) выдвигать новый принцип и т.д.; set up an original method предложить оригинальный метод; set up a program (me) (the main requirements, a new approach, etc.) разработать программу и т.д.; set up a defence построить /создать/ новую систему обороны; set up a record установить рекорд; set up a claim (a counter-claim, etc.) предъявлять иск и т.д.5) set up smth. /smth. up/ set up a howl (a terrific noise, a loud cry, etc.) поднимать вой и т.д.; set up a commotion (a row, a scuffling, etc.) устраивать волнения и т.д.; set up an alarm поднимать тревогу; the wheels set up a tremendous creaking колеса начали отчаянно скрипеть; the wind sets up a humming in the wires от ветра начинают гудеть провода; set up a rash (an inflammation, a swelling, infection, etc.) вызывать сыпь и т.д.6) set up smb. /smb. up/ coll. this medicine set him up это лекарство поставило его на ноги; the fresh country air set her up свежий деревенский воздух восстановил ее здоровье; а fortnight in the country (a holiday, a change of air, etc.) will set you up двухнедельное пребывание в деревне и т.д. вернет вам силы; you want some good walks (fresh air, some rest, etc.) to set you up для хорошего самочувствия вам необходимы /нужны, полезны/ длительные прогулки и т.д.7) set up smth. /smth. up/ print set up a page (a book, a manuscript, type, etc.) набирать полосу и т.д.2. IV1) set up smth. /smth. up/ in some manner set up ninepins again снова поднять /поставить/ [упавшие] кегли2) set up smb. /smb. up/ in some manner this fine air (a change of air, her holiday in the country, etc.) set her up again этот прекрасный воздух и т.д. вновь поставил ее на ноги; а summer in the camp sets up a boy wonderfully лето [пребывания] в лагере является прекрасной закалкой /тренировкой/ для мальчиков3. VIIset up smth. /smth. up/ to do smth. set up an international organization to maintain peace (to carry out the programme), to guard the world against the atomic bomb, etc.) создать международную организацию для борьбы за мир и т.д.4. XI1) be set up at some time the camp and the aerodrome were set up later лагерь и аэродром были построены позднее; be set up somewhere the portrait was set up on the stage портрет был установлен на сцене; special seats had to be set up around the sides of the hall по бокам зала пришлось поставить дополнительные стулья /устроить дополнительные места/2) be set up on smth. an inscription was set up on the tablet на плите была высечена надпись3) be set up with smth. be set up with food (with clothes, with cars, with equipment, etc.) for an expedition быть обеспеченным продовольствием и т.д. на все время экспедиции; I am set up with novels for the winter у меня теперь книг [хватит] на всю зиму4) be set up infection (swelling, irritation, etc.) was set up появилась инфекция и т.д.; the doctor has no idea how the condition was first set up врач не имеет представления, что явилось причиной такого состояния5) be set up in some manner he is quite set up again он опять на ногах /хорошо себя чувствует/6) be set up in some manner physically she was not well set up физически она была слабо развита5. XVI1) set up in smth. set up in trade (in business, in law, etc.) открывать собственное предприятие и т.д.2) set up for smb. coll. set up for a man of wit претендовать на остроумие; set up for a scholar (for a profound scientist, for a critic, for a moralist, for a gentleman, for an atheist, etc.) a) считать себя ученым и т.д.; б) выдавать себя за ученого и т.д.; I don't set up for an authority я не претендую на то, чтобы считаться авторитетом6. XX1set up as smb. set up as a lawyer (as a doctor, as a chemist, etc.) открыть свою юридическую контору и т.д.7. XXI11) set up smth. /smth. up/ along (in, on, etc.) smth. set up posts along the street (milestones along a road, machines in their places, telephone booths in the street, etc.) ставить столбы вдоль улицы и т.д.; set up a home in the country (in another city, etc.) создать там и т.д. дом /семью/; set men up on a chess-board расставлять фигуры на шахматной доске; set up smb. /smb. up/ to smth. set up a claimant to the throne возвести претендента на престол, посадить претендента на трон2) set up smb. /smb. up/ over smb. set oneself up over one's colleagues (over one's people, etc.) ставить себя выше своих коллег и т.д.; set up smb. /smb. up/ for smb. although he is such an ignorant fellow, he sets himself up for a critic человек он невежественный, а претендует на то, чтобы критиковать других3) set up smth., smb. /smth., smb. up/ in smth. set up a shop in a new neighbourhood открыть магазин в новом районе; set up one's office in one of the rooms in the building открыть свою контору в одной из комнат этого здания; he wishes to set himself up in business all for himself ему хочется стать во главе собственного дела; set up an office in the Department of Agriculture сформировать отдел в министерстве земледелия; set up a policy board at high government level сформировать политический комитет на высоком уровне4) set up smb. /smb. up/ in smth. set him up in business помочь ему открыть собственное дело; they set their son up in real estate они открыли для своего сына контору по продаже недвижимой собственности; set smb. up in life помочь кому-л. стать на ноги5) set up smth. /smth. up/ in /at/ smth. what defence did his lawyer set up at /in/ the trial? как построил его адвокат защиту на суде?6) set up smb. /smb. up/ with (in) smth. set him up with books (with clothing, with equipment, with food, etc.) обеспечивать его книгами и т.д.; set him up in funds предоставить ему нужные фонды /деньги/, материально обеспечить его7) set up smth. /smth. up/ in (on, etc.) smth. set up an irritation in one's throat (this rash on my face, an itch on the skin, etc.) вызывать раздражение горла и т.д.; I wonder what has set up inflammation on the wound не могу понять, отчего воспалилась рана8) set up smth. /smth. up/ in smth. print. set a page (a manuscript, a book, etc.) up in type сделать набор полосы и т.д.8. XXIV1set smb. up as smb.1) set smb. up as a tobacconist помочь кому-л. открыть собственный табачный магазин; set oneself up as a grocer начать торговлю бакалейными товарами2) set oneself up as an authority (as an important fellow, as a merchant, as a scholar, etc.) считать себя специалистом /авторитетом/ и т.д. или выдавать себя за специалиста и т.д. -
11 set up a telegraph network on the zone principle
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > set up a telegraph network on the zone principle
-
12 diversity principle
разнопринципность; различие принципов; принцип разнесенияEnglish-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > diversity principle
-
13 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
14 класть
I несовер. - класть;
совер. - положить( кого-л./что-л.)
1) put, lay (down, on) ;
place, deposit (помещать) класть себе на тарелку (за столом) ≈ to help oneself (to) класть ногу на ногу ≈ to cross one's legs класть под сукно( что-л.) ≈ to shelve, to pigeonhole положа руку на сердце разг. ≈ (quite) frankly класть на место ≈ to put back, to put in its place, to replace класть не на место ≈ to mislay класть кирпичи ≈ to lay bricks класть на музыку ≈ to set to music
2) разг. (считать) assign, set aside, put aside, lay aside (время, деньги) Мы кладем пятьдесят рублей на эту поездку. ≈ We are setting aside fifty roubles for this trip. ∙ класть что-л. в основу ≈ to base oneself on smth., to assume smth. as a basis, to take smth. as a principle положить жизнь за что-л. ≈ to give (up) one's life for smth. как бог на душу положит ≈ anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, at random положить зубы на полку разг. ≈ tighten one's belt класть в лузу, класть шара бильярд ≈ to pocket a ball класть под сукно ≈ to shelve, to pigeon-hole, to put under dust covers, to pocket класть на обе лопатки ≈ to throw, to defeat положить на музыку ≈ to set to music класть яйца ≈ to lay eggs II несовер. - класть;
совер. - наложить( что-л.) apply, leave класть краски ≈ to apply paint класть отпечаток ≈ to leave an imprint III несовер. - класть;
совер. - сложить( что-л.) build, erect класть печку ≈ to build a stove сложа руки ≈ with arms folded сидеть сложа руки разг. ≈ to be idle, to sit by;
to twiddle one's thumbs не сидеть сложа руки ≈ to be up and doing класть голову ≈ to fall on the field of battle, положить, сложить (вн.)
1. сов. положить put* (smb., smth.) ;
lay* (smb., smth.), place (smb., smth.) ;
~ деньги в карман put* money in one`s pocket;
~ кого-л. в больницу put* smb. in hospital;
~ раненого на стол lay* an injured man* on table;
~ краски на холст put* paint on a canvas, apply paint to a canvas;
~ печать на что-л. rubber-stamp smth. ;
перен. leave* its mark on smth. ;
~ сахар в чай put* sugar in one`s tea;
~ ногу на ногу cross one`s legs;
2. сов. сложить (строить) build* (smth.) make* (smth.) ;
~ печь build*/make* a stove;
~ стену build* a wall;
~ фундамент lay* a foundation;
~ яйца lay* eggs;
положить слова на музыку put*/set*words to music;
положить жизнь за родину lay* down one`s life for one`s country;
~ под сукно shelve. -
15 staple
1. n тех. скоба; крюк2. n тех. колено3. n тех. скобка4. v тех. скреплять скобками5. v сшивать скобками6. v горн. гезенк, слепой ствол7. n главный продукт, производимый в данном районе8. n основной товар, предмет торговлиstaple commodities — главные продукты, основные товары
9. n массовые товары; основные продукты питания10. n главный элемент; основная часть; суть, основаpolitics is the staple of his conversation — его излюбленная тема — политика
current words forming the staple of our language — повседневные слова, составляющие основу нашего языка
the newspaper is for many people a staple of daily reading — многие читают, как правило, только газеты
chocolate forms a wholesome substitute for staple food — шоколад является полноценным заменителем основных продуктов питания
11. n ист. рынок, где заключались сделки на оптовую продажу и на экспорт12. a основной, составляющий важнейшую статью13. a главный, основной14. v ист. принимать товары на рынок, где заключались сделки на оптовую продажу и на экспорт15. v подвергать проверке товары, подлежащие экспорту16. n текст. сырьё, материал17. n текст. волокно18. n текст. пучок шерсти19. n текст. невыделанная шерсть20. n текст. штапель21. n текст. штапельная длинаstaple forming length of wire — длина проволоки, необходимая для формирования скобы
22. n текст. штапельное волокно23. n текст. штапельная тканьСинонимический ряд:1. chief (adj.) chief; major; primary2. principle commodity (adj.) essential element; fundamental; necessary minimum; necessity; principal fare; principle commodity; standard; the basics; the essential3. basic (noun) basic; essential; fundamental4. body (noun) body; bulk; core; corpus; mass; substance5. loop (noun) eye; loop; ring6. attach (verb) affix; attach; bind; connect; hook; join; stick on; tackАнтонимический ряд:secondary; supplement -
16 положить
несовер. - класть;
совер. - положить (кого-л./что-л.)
1) put, lay (down, on) ;
place, deposit (помещать) положить себе на тарелку (за столом) ≈ to help oneself (to) положить ногу на ногу ≈ to cross one's legs класть под сукно( что-л.) ≈ to shelve, to pigeonhole положа руку на сердце разг. ≈ (quite) frankly, in all sincerity положить на место ≈ to put back, to put in its place, to replace положить не на место ≈ to mislay класть кирпичи ≈ to lay bricks положить на музыку ≈ to set to music
2) разг. (считать) assign, set aside, put aside, lay aside (время, деньги) мы кладем пятьдесят рублей на эту поездку ≈ we are setting aside fifty roubles for this trip ∙ положить что-л. в основу ≈ to base oneself on smth., to assume smth. as a basis, to take smth. as a principle положить жизнь за что-л. ≈ to give (up) one's life for smth. как бог на душу положит ≈ anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, at random положить зубы на полку разг. ≈ tighten one's belt положить под сукно ≈ to shelve, to pigeon-hole, to put under dust covers положить на обе лопатки ≈ to throw, to defeat положить в лузу, положить шара бильярд ≈ to pocket a ball вынь да положь разг. ≈ here and now, there and then, on the spot положить на музыку положить яйца положить пределБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > положить
-
17 agreement
n1) соглашение, договор; контракт2) согласие; договоренность•to abide by the terms of an agreement — соблюдать / выполнять условия соглашения, придерживаться условий соглашения
to adhere to an agreement — выполнять / соблюдать соглашение, придерживаться условий соглашения
to announce a measure of agreement with smb — объявлять о достижении определенной степени согласия / договоренности с кем-л.
to arrive at / to attain an agreement — приходить к соглашению, достигать соглашения
to be in agreement with smb about smth — соглашаться с кем-л. в отношении чего-л.; быть единого мнения с кем-л. о чем-л.
to be in contravention of an agreement — противоречить соглашению / условиям соглашения
to breach / to break an agreement — нарушать соглашение
to enter into an agreement — заключать соглашение / договор
to extend an agreement — продлевать срок действия соглашения, пролонгировать соглашение
to find oneself in full agreement about smth — обнаруживать полное единство взглядов по какому-л. вопросу
to go back on an agreement — нарушать соглашение, отказываться от выполнения соглашения
to leave the agreement in tatters — перен. не оставить камня на камне от соглашения
to observe an agreement — соблюдать соглашение; выполнять условия соглашения
to obstruct progress towards an agreement — препятствовать достижению соглашения; затруднять достижение соглашения
to pave the way towards further agreements — открывать путь к заключению / достижению новых соглашений
to reach agreement on smth — достигать согласия / договариваться по какому-л. вопросу
to renege on an agreement — нарушать соглашение, уклоняться от выполнения соглашения
to repudiate an agreement — отвергать соглашение, отказываться от ранее заключенного соглашения
to review / to revoke an agreement — пересматривать соглашение
to sabotage an agreement — срывать / саботировать выполнение соглашения
to secure an agreement — добиваться соглашения, обеспечивать заключение соглашения
to seek an agreement — 1) добиваться заключения соглашения 2) добиваться согласия / договоренности
to stipulate smth by an agreement — обуславливать что-л. соглашением
to submit an agreement to the government for endorsement — предоставлять текст соглашения на утверждение правительства
to thwart / to torpedo an agreement — срывать выполнение соглашения
- agreement fell flatto wreck an agreement — срывать соглашение, мешать заключению соглашения
- agreement has broken down
- agreement has come into operation
- agreement in force
- agreement in principle
- agreement is effective
- agreement is in danger of collapse
- agreement is in force
- agreement is subject to approval by the General Assembly
- agreement is to come into effect on August 20
- agreement is unlikely to stock
- agreement is up for renewal
- agreement on a framework of withdrawal
- agreement on a partial pullout of troops
- agreement on all points
- agreement on limiting nuclear weapons
- agreement under negotiation
- agreement will hold
- agreement worth $...
- agreements of wages, hours and working conditions
- allied agreements
- arbitration agreement
- architect of an agreement
- armistice agreement
- arms agreement
- arms control agreement
- as a precursor to any kind of an agreement
- as part of the agreement
- avoidance of an agreement
- back-to-work agreement
- barter agreement
- basic agreement
- behind-the-scenes agreement
- bilateral agreement
- binding agreement
- branch agreements
- breach of the peace agreement
- broad agreement
- by mutual agreement
- cartel agreement
- cease-fire agreement
- clearing agreement
- collective agreement
- commercial agreement
- commodity agreement
- compensation agreement
- complete agreement on all major items
- comprehensive agreement
- compromise agreement
- conclusion of an agreement
- consensus agreement
- consular agreement
- contractual agreement
- conventional arms agreement
- cooperation agreement
- credit agreements
- cultural exchange agreement
- currency-credit agreements
- current agreement
- disarmament agreement
- disengagement agreement
- draft agreement
- durable agreement
- duration of an agreement
- economic agreement
- enslaving agreement
- enthralling agreement
- entry of an agreement into force
- equal party to the agreement
- equitable agreement
- executive agreement
- expiration of an agreement
- face-saving agreement
- far-reaching agreement
- fettering agreement
- final agreement
- final print of an agreement
- financial agreement
- foreign investment agreement
- formal agreement
- Four-Power Agreement on West Berlin
- framework agreement
- free trade agreement
- GATT
- General Agreement on Tariff and Trade
- general agreement
- Geneva Agreements
- gentleman's agreement
- historic agreement
- immigration agreement
- impediment to an agreement
- in accordance with the agreement achieved
- in circumvention of the agreement
- in conformity with the terms of agreements
- in contravention of the agreement
- in line with the agreement
- in the absence of a special agreement
- in the wake of the agreement
- inconsistent with the agreement
- indemnification agreement
- inequitable agreement
- INF Agreement
- informal agreement
- initial agreement
- installment agreement
- instalment agreement
- interagency agreement
- interdepartmental agreement
- intergovernmental agreement
- interim agreement
- interlocking set of agreements
- Intermediate Nuclear Forces Agreement
- international agreement
- international fisheries agreement
- interstate agreement
- labor agreement
- landmark agreement
- large measure of agreement between...
- last-in-first-out redundancy agreement
- last-minute agreement
- lend-lease agreement
- license agreement
- licensing agreement
- long-awaited agreement
- long-term agreement
- major agreement
- marketing agreement
- market-sharing agreement
- measure of agreement between smb
- military agreement
- military-political agreement
- model agreement
- monetary agreement
- multilateral agreement
- multipartite agreement
- multipurpose international agreement
- mutual agreement
- national agreement
- nonaggression agreement
- nonattack agreement
- nonbelligerency agreement
- noncompliance with the agreement
- North American Free Trade Agreement
- no-strike agreement
- observance of the agreement
- on the brink of an agreement
- on the verge of an agreement
- onerous agreement
- on-site monitoring agreement
- outline agreement
- overall agreement
- package agreement
- patent agreement
- payments agreement
- peace agreement
- pending the coming into force of the agreement
- permanent agreement
- personal training agreement
- political agreement
- power-sharing agreement
- preliminary agreement
- procedural agreement
- progress toward a concerted agreement
- progress toward mutually acceptable agreement
- prolongation of an agreement
- prospect of an agreement
- provided by the agreement
- provision of an agreement
- provisional agreement
- quadripartite agreement
- reciprocal agreement
- regional agreement
- repatriation agreement
- safeguards agreement
- scientific and technical cooperation agreement
- search for a generally acceptable agreement
- secret agreement
- separate agreement
- short-term agreement
- show-piece of an agreement
- signs for agreement
- solid agreement
- solvent feature of the agreement
- special agreement
- special service agreement
- specific agreement
- standstill agreement
- starting-point of an agreement
- stipulated by the following article of the agreement
- strike-free agreement
- subject of an agreement
- subject to agreement
- subsidiary agreement
- substantive agreement
- superpower agreement
- tacit agreement
- tariff agreement
- technical agreement
- tentative agreement
- termination of agreement - trade and credit agreement
- trade and economic agreement
- trade-and-payments agreement
- tripartite agreement
- troop-withdrawal agreement
- trusteeship agreement
- umbrella agreement
- under the agreement
- unequal agreement
- unratified agreement
- unspoken agreement
- UN-sponsored agreement
- unwritten agreement
- verbal agreement
- verifiable agreement
- viable agreement
- voluntary price restraint agreement
- wide-ranging agreements
- working agreement
- written agreement
- zero-zero agreement -
18 regulation
-
19 keynote
-
20 bottom
['bɔtəm]nдно, днище, донышко, нижняя часть, низ, основание, подножиеThe chair needs a new bottom. — У стула надо поставить новое сидение.
Set the box on its bottom, not its side. — Поставьте ящик дном вниз, а не на бок.
I want the bottom book in the stack. — Мне нужна самая нижняя книга в этой стопке.
The boat was lying with its bottom upside. — Лодка лежала дном кверху.
The house must be repaired from top to bottom. — Дом надо ремонтировать сверху до низу.
The bottom of the trench was muddy and very slippery. — На дне траншеи было грязно и очень скользко.
- sandy bottom- flat bottom
- loose bottom
- copper bottom
- greasy bottom
- gravel bottom
- bottom shelf
- bottom row
- bottom button
- bottom of a chair
- bottom of a house
- bottom of the mountain
- bottom of the wall
- bottom of a cup
- bottom of a glass
- hole in the ship's bottom
- at the bottom
- at the bottom of smth
- at the bottom of the letter
- at the bottom of one's heart
- at the bottom end of the table
- at the bottom of a barrel
- at the bottom of the stairs
- at the bottom of the garden
- at the bottom of the street
- at the bottom of his trouser-legs
- from the bottom of one's heart
- from top to bottom
- go to the bottom
- plunge to the bottom
- set smth bottom upwards
- raise the sinken ship from the bottom of the harbour
- drain one's cup to the bottom
- get to the bottom of the sack
- be at the bottom of one's class
- be at the bottom of smth
- be at the bottom of the whole affair
- get to the bottom of the problem
- drag the bottom of the river
- touch bottom
- rest on the bottom
- knock the bottom out of her arguments
- knock the bottom out of the theory
- principle at the bottom of his activity
- bottom of the box fell out
- bottle has a leaky bottom
- anchor found bottom
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
Set (mathematics) — This article gives an introduction to what mathematicians call intuitive or naive set theory; for a more detailed account see Naive set theory. For a rigorous modern axiomatic treatment of sets, see Set theory. The intersection of two sets is… … Wikipedia
principle — Synonyms and related words: Procrustean law, a belief, a priori truth, activity, ambition, antecedents, article of faith, aspiration, at bottom, attitude, axiom, base, basement, basically, basis, bearing wall, bed, bedding, bedrock, belief,… … Moby Thesaurus
principle — prin‧ci‧ple [ˈprɪnspl] noun 1. [countable, uncountable] a moral rule or set of ideas that makes you behave in a particular way: • The single European market works on market principles. • As a matter of principle (= a rule that is very important … Financial and business terms
Principle — Prin ci*ple, n. [F. principe, L. principium beginning, foundation, fr. princeps, cipis. See {Prince}.] 1. Beginning; commencement. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] Doubting sad end of principle unsound. Spenser. [1913 Webster] 2. A source, or origin; that… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Principle of contradiction — Principle Prin ci*ple, n. [F. principe, L. principium beginning, foundation, fr. princeps, cipis. See {Prince}.] 1. Beginning; commencement. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] Doubting sad end of principle unsound. Spenser. [1913 Webster] 2. A source, or… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
set down — ► set down record in writing or as an authoritative rule or principle. Main Entry: ↑set … English terms dictionary
set theory — the branch of mathematics that deals with relations between sets. [1940 45] * * * Branch of mathematics that deals with the properties of sets. It is most valuable as applied to other areas of mathematics, which borrow from and adapt its… … Universalium
Principle of least privilege — In information security, computer science, and other fields, the principle of least privilege, also known as the principle of minimal privilege or just least privilege, requires that in a particular abstraction layer of a computing environment… … Wikipedia
Principle of maximum entropy — This article is about the probability theoretic principle. For the classifier in machine learning, see maximum entropy classifier. For other uses, see maximum entropy (disambiguation). Bayesian statistics Theory Bayesian probability Probability… … Wikipedia
Set theory — This article is about the branch of mathematics. For musical set theory, see Set theory (music). A Venn diagram illustrating the intersection of two sets. Set theory is the branch of mathematics that studies sets, which are collections of objects … Wikipedia
Principle of double effect — Part of a series on St. Thomas Aquinas … Wikipedia